President – Head of Government, Prime Minister and Secretary of State: Mussolini Benito; foreign: Mussolini int., Grandi Dino (12 September 1929 – 20 July 1932), Mussolini, Ciano Galeazzo (from 11 June 1936); interiors: Mussolini, Federzoni Luigi (17 June 1924 – 6 November 1926), Mussolini; colonies – Italian Africa: Federzoni Luigi (resigned on June 17, 1924), Mussolini int., Lanza di Scalea Pietro (1 July 1924 – 6 November 1926), Federzoni Luigi (resigned on 18 December 1928), Mussolini, De Bono Emilio (12 September 1929 – 17 January 1935), Mussolini, Lessona Alessandro (11 June 1936 -20 November 1937), Mussolini; grace and justice: Oviglio Aldo (resigned on 5 January 1925), Rocco Alfredo (resigned on 20 July 1932), De Francisci Pietro (resigned on 24 January 1935), Solmi Arrigo; finances: De Stefani Alberto (who resigned on 10 July 1925), Volpi Giuseppe (who resigned on 9 July 1928), Mosconi Antonio (who resigned on 20 July 1932), Jung Guido (who resigned on 24 January 1935), Thaon di Revel Paolo; treasure: Tangorra Vincenzo (resigned on 21 December 1922), De Stefani A. int.; war: Díaz Armando (resigned on 30 April 1924), Di Giorgio Antonino (resigned on 4 April 1925), Mussolini int., Gazzera Pietro (12 September 1929-22 July 1933), Mussolini; marina: Thaon di Revel Paolo (resigned on 8 May 1925), Mussolini int., Sirianni Giuseppe (12 September 1929 – 6 November 1933), Mussolini; aeronautics: Mussolini int., Balbo Italo (12 September 1929-6 November 1933), Mussolini; public education – national education: Gentile Giovanni (resigned on 1 July 1924), Casati Alessandro (resigned on 5 January 1925), Fedele Pietro (resigned on 9 July 1928), Belluzzo Giuseppe (resigned on 12 September 1929), Giuliano Balbino (resigned on 20 July 1932), Ercole Francesco (resigned on 24 January 1935), De Vecchi from Val Cismon Cesare Maria (resigned on 15 November 1936), Bottai Giuseppe; public works: Carnazza Gabriello (resigned on 1 July 1924), Sarrocchi Gino (resigned on 5 January 1925), Giuriati Giovanni (resigned on 30 April 1929), Mussolini, Bianchi Michele (12 September 1929-died 3 February 1930), Di Crollalanza Araldo (13 February 1930 – 24 January 1935), Razza Luigi (died 7 August 1935) Cobolli Gigli Giuseppe (from 5 September 1935); agriculture: De Capitani Giuseppe; industry and commerce: Rossi Teofilo; work and social security: Cavazzoni Stefano; namonal economy: Corbino Mario Orso (resigned on 1 July 1924), Nava Cesare (resigned on 10 July 1925), Belluzzo Giuseppe (appointed minister of public education on 9 July 1928), Martelli Alessandro (resigned on 12 September 1929); agriculture and forests: Acerbo Giacomo (12 September 1929 – 24 January 1935), Rossoni Edmondo; post and telegraphs – communications: Colonna di Cesarò Giovanni Antonio (resigned 5 February 1924), Ciano Costanzo (5 February 1924 – 30 April 1934), Puppini Umberto (resigned on 24 January 1935), Benni Antonio Stefano; liberated lands: Giuriati Giovanni; Corporations: Mussolini (2 July 1926-12 September 1929), Bottai Giuseppe (resigned on 20 July 1932), Mussolini (until 11 June 1936), Lantini Ferruccio; press and propaganda – popular culture: Ciano Galeazzo (26 June 1935-11 June 1936), Alfieri Dino; exchanges and currencies: Guarneri Felice (from 20 November 1937).
State Symbol
While in general the states (even republicans) symbolize their existence and their action with an official coat of arms, which also serves to have a unique type of heading of government deeds, authentication for coins, etc., the kingdom of ‘Italy had a coat of arms of the state only with RD 27 November 1890, n. 7282, after preparation of the heraldic consultation. The decree instituted the great coat of arms of the state, to be used in the great seal of the state, on solemn occasions and in monumental decorations; and the small coat of arms, to be used by state administrations. With the constitutional transformation carried out by fascism, it seemed appropriate to manifest this transformation also heraldically and with the royal decrees of 11 April 1929, n. 504, and 9 August 1929, n. 1517, both the large and the small coat of arms were changed,
It is generally believed that the coat of arms is one of those state emblems whose insult is punished by art. 292 cod. pen.
